Power Research

S. P. Noopura ¹, Amit Jain ², M. V. Jayan ³

Affiliations
1 Senior Research Fellow, Smart Power & Energy System, Power Systems Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru - 560080, IN
2 Joint Director,Smart Power & Energy System, Power Systems Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru - 560080, IN
3 Associate Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, GEC-Thrissur - 680009, IN

Abstract

Small signal stability investigation is important for stability analysis of power systems as a small signal disturbance could be an initiating event for a large system outage. Fuzzy logic as a novel method for power system stability has attained wide importance in the recent years. In this paper, stability studies have been carried out for a single machine infinite bus system which has been modeled according to the Heffron Philips model. A comparison between the conventional lead-lag, PID and Fuzzy controllers for damping the system oscillations has also been carried out in this paper. The system is simulated in MATLABTM Simulink environment and the results have been presented.

Keywords

Fuzzy controller, Heffron Philips model, PID Controller

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S. A. Lakshmanan ¹, Amit Jain ², B. S. Rajpurohit ³

Affiliations
1 IIT Mandi, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore-560080, IN
2 Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore-560080, IN
3 School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, IIT Mandi,, IN

Abstract

Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) is one of the essential Power Electronic Converters (PEC) which is used to utilize the power from the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in an efficient manner. Some of the RES produces power in the form of the dc. VSI is used to convert the dc power into ac power. Various control techniques are implemented to control the inverter circuits. This paper presents a performance analysis of current control with Revised Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (RSVPWM) technique and Discrete Model Predictive Control (DMPC) technique. This analysis is performed on 3-phase VSI. Basic concepts, control circuits, mathematical models are explained and the control techniques are simulated using MATLAB / Simulink tool. Simulation results are presented and performances of the both control techniques are compared.

Keywords

Power electronic converters, Renewable energy sources, Voltage source inverters

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Sangeetha R. S. ¹, James Ranjith Kumar R. ¹, Amit Jain ¹, Sreejaya P. ², Jayan M. V. ³

Affiliations
1 Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru - 560080, IN
2 Professor, College of Engineering Trivandrum, IN
3 Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, GEC-Thrissur-680009, IN

Abstract

Day by day energy crisis and environmental issues are increasing. The most effective solution for these issues is the use of renewable energy sources (wind, solar etc.) in distribution networks (DN). However these have some disadvantages and one among them is uncertainty in nature. So it’s difficult to utilize the full potential of renewable energy sources. By using battery storage systems (BSSs) this problem can be avoided. In this paper, an optimal power flow (OPF) is formulated, for the spilled energy calculation. For maximum utilization of spilled energy BSS needs to be properly sized and here, it is done by a nonlinear programming (NLP) technique. Also, maximum potential of BSSs can be exploited by providing both active and reactive power from BSS to the network. The methodology is applied to a 47 bus Indian distribution system and results demonstrate that, there is a significant reduction in energy supplied by the grid and losses due to the integration of BSS. In this work it is assumed that wind generators are integrated into the network.

Keywords

Distributed Generation, NLP, Optimal Sizing, Wind Generation

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Dijin Divakaran ¹, Amit Jain ¹

Affiliations
1 Smart Power & Energy System, Power Systems Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore-560080, IN

Abstract

Power systems, nowadays, are subjected to severe oscillations during the post disturbance span of time because of its operation at very narrow stability margins. Out-of-step condition is a consequence of transient instability and protection against out-of-step condition is a major issue for the power industry. In order to operate a system safely and to protect from the damages caused to system components such as generators, transmission lines and switching equipment, proper out-of-step detection and necessary protective action has to be provided. This paper explains the various out-of-step detection strategies which can be augmented to the numerical relaying algorithms, their computational simplicity and reliability and also discusses the issues and challenges related to implementation.

Keywords

Distance protection, numerical relays, out-of-step detection, phasor measurement, power swing and transient instability

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Dijin Divakaran ¹, Amit Jain ¹

Affiliations
1 Smart Power & Energy System wing, Power Systems Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560 080, IN

Abstract

Due to the large scale network complexities, system wide disturbances in power systems are a challenging issue for the power industry. When a major power system disturbance occurs, protection and control actions are required to stop the degradation of the system and restore to a normal state thereby minimizing the impact of the disturbance. Improvements in planning and operation of the grid could be achieved by Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) Applications. The purpose of wide area monitoring system is to monitor, assess, enable and automatically take necessary action to mitigate the harmful effects due to disturbances or faults in the system. This paper discusses in details WAMPAC. The present work also gives an overview of the Phasor Measurement technology and it benefits, requirements and applications for WAMPAC strategies.

Keywords

Out-of-step protection, Phasor measurement unit, Power swing detection, WAMPAC, Wide area protection.

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Mohammed Farooque Khan ¹, Amit Jain ¹, A. Paventhan ²

Affiliations
1 Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore 560080, IN
2 R & D, ERNET (India), Bangalore 560080, IN

Abstract

DLMS is a platform that provides communication between meter and data collection devices. The companion specification provides secure and efficient transfer of electricity data. Many of data exchange approaches have been proposed to develop an open standard. In this paper, a client /server model of the DLMS / COSEM architecture with HDLC as the data-link layer and parameter identification of energy meters has been discussed with some of the issues also discussed in Indian context.

Keywords

COSEM, Data concentrator unit, DLMS, IEC.

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Amit Jain ¹, N. Venkata Srinath ²

Affiliations
1 Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore 560080, IN
2 IIIT, Hyderabad - 500032, IN

Abstract

This paper presents distribution load flow analysis for balanced radial system in conjunction with Solar Photo-Voltaic (PV) distributed generation. The proposed approach utilizes Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) carried-out on forward and backward sweep iterative algorithm for the calculation of node voltages and currents flowing in radial branches. The power generated from solar PV system is determined by developing a mathematical model of solar PV modules that adopts to the Indian meteorological conditions. The distribution load flow analysis carried out by taking into the effect of this Solar PV generation. Optimal location for the distributed generation is determined by considering total system losses that can occur in 24 hours and the capacity to be installed is based on desired voltage improvement. The proposed approach has been implemented on standard 69bus radial distribution network. The simulation results obtained with and without inclusion of Solar PV generation are compared and discussed.

Keywords

Distribution load flow; Heuristic approach, Losses, optimal, Solar PV generation, Voltage profile

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S. A. Lakshmanan ¹, Amit Jain ², B. S. Rajpourhit ³

Affiliations
1 IIT Mandi and Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore-560080, IN
2 Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore-560080, IN
3 School of Computing & Electrical Engg, IIT Mandi, IN

Abstract

Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are getting a great attention due to ever increasing power demand, environmental issues, and thrust toward sustainable development. The power produced from the RES like solar, wind etc. is used by the stand alone system or the feed into the electric grid. In this paper a 3-phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) is modeled and analyzed for grid connected Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) system. Mathematical model of three phase VSI and LC filter circuits are derived using state space analysis and Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique is proposed for 3-phase VSI. Harmonic elimination is done in VSI using by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique by solving the non-linear equations that are used to determine switching angles of an inverter. The switching angle plays an important role to produce desired output by eliminating selected harmonics. The VSI is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink platform and harmonic elimination is done by considering bipolar switching case of the inverter. Various simulation results are presented to demonstrate the operation of the inverter. The harmonic spectrum analysis is carried out and discussed for the proposed harmonic elimination method

Keywords

Pulse width modulation, Renewable energy sources, Voltage source Inverter

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Amit Jain ¹, Santosh Kumar Kukkadapu ²

Affiliations
1 Power Systems Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560 080, IN
2 International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad - 500 032, IN

Abstract

With increasing complexity of modern power systems, good quality load forecasting has become the necessary requirement for secure and reliable operation of power grid. Short term load forecasting plays vital role in daily operation of power grid to provide right inputs for the commitment of power generation units and dispatch. Fuzzy logic based short term load forecasting is described in this paper. To obtain the next-day load forecast, fuzzy logic is used to modify the load curves on selected similar days. A new Euclidean norm with weight factors is used for the selection of similar days. The proposed fuzzy logic based short term load forecasting method presented in the paper is illustrated through the simulation results on a typical data set.

Keywords

Euclidean norm, Fuzzy logic, Short term load forecasting, Similar days

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M. Pradish ¹, Amit Jain ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru – 560080, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

There are various Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) placed in a Substation Automation System (SAS) based substations. These IEDs are meant for performing the respective functionalities that they are intended for, which includes protective relays, transformer tap changers, Bay control units, RTUs, Protocol Converters etc., present in a substation. These IEDs are also required to communicate with each other and that may include IEDs from various other manufactures also. This paper provides brief details of the IEC 61850 standards and the test procedures formulated by UCA International Users Group (UCA IuG) used for testing Server IEDs which are used to validate for their conformance to the standard. This paper also helps in addressing the interoperability of IEC 61850 based IEDs among the multivendor solutions subjected to conformance testing and are used in the Substations.

Keywords

Conformance Testing, Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), Interoperability, Substation Automation System (SAS), IEC 61850.

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